Explain the difference between state and props in React.

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State vs Props in React

1. Definition

• State:

  • A built-in object in React that stores dynamic, mutable data of a component.

  • It represents information that can change over time (like user input, UI changes, or API responses).

• Props:

  • Short for properties, props are read-only inputs passed from a parent component to a child component.

  • They make components reusable and configurable.

2. Mutability

• State: Mutable — can be changed/updated using setState (in class components) or useState hook (in functional components).

• Props: Immutable — once passed, they cannot be modified by the child component.

3. Ownership

• State: Owned and managed within the component itself. Each component can have its own local state.

• Props: Owned by the parent component and passed down to children.

4. Purpose

• State: Used for data that needs to change during the component’s lifecycle (e.g., form inputs, toggles, counters).

• Props: Used for passing data and functions to child components for rendering or interaction.

5. Example Use Case

• State: Storing whether a modal is open or closed (isOpen = true/false).

• Props: Passing the modal’s title, content, or callback function from parent to child.

✅ In short:

• State → Local, mutable, controlled inside a component.

• Props → External, immutable, passed from parent to child.

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