What is the aggregation pipeline?

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In MongoDB, the aggregation pipeline is a framework for processing and transforming documents in stages, similar to a data processing pipeline. Each stage takes input from the previous stage, performs an operation, and passes the result to the next stage.

It’s commonly used for tasks like filtering, grouping, sorting, and calculating aggregated results.

Basic Syntax:

javascript

db.orders.aggregate([
  { $match: { status: "A" } },        // Stage 1: Filter
  { $group: { _id: "$cust_id", total: { $sum: "$amount" } } } // Stage 2: Group & Sum
]);

Common Stages:

• $match → Filters documents (like WHERE in SQL).

• $group → Groups documents by a field and applies aggregations ($sum, $avg).

• $sort → Sorts results.

• $project → Selects and reshapes fields.

• $limit / $skip → Pagination control.

Benefits:

• Efficient for complex data transformations.

• Can replace multiple queries with a single pipeline.

• Processes data directly on the server.

In short: The aggregation pipeline in MongoDB is a powerful, stage-by-stage framework for transforming and analyzing data efficiently.

Read More :

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