What are streams in Node.js?

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How the Event Loop Works in Node.js 

The Event Loop is the core mechanism in Node.js that enables non-blocking, asynchronous I/O operations despite JavaScript being single-threaded. It allows Node.js to handle multiple operations like file reading, network requests, and timers without blocking the main thread.

Working of the Event Loop:

1. Call Stack: Executes the main code (global context, functions).

2. Event Queue: Holds callback functions waiting to be executed after asynchronous operations complete.

3. Event Loop: Continuously monitors the call stack and the event queue. If the stack is empty, it pushes the next function from the queue onto the stack.

Phases of the Event Loop:

1. Timers: Executes callbacks from setTimeout() and setInterval().

2. Pending Callbacks: Executes I/O callbacks deferred from the previous cycle.

3. Idle, Prepare: Internal use.

4. Poll: Retrieves new I/O events and executes related callbacks.

5. Check: Executes setImmediate() callbacks.

6. Close Callbacks: Executes close events like socket.on('close').

Example:

console.log("Start");
setTimeout(() => console.log("Timeout"), 0);
console.log("End");

Output:

End
Timeout

Even though setTimeout is 0 ms, it's deferred to the event queue, so synchronous code runs first.

In summary, the event loop is what makes Node.js highly efficient for I/O-heavy applications by enabling asynchronous, non-blocking behavior.

Read More :

What is the difference between Node.js and JavaScript?

What is Node.js and where is it used?

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