What are React Portals?
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React Portals provide a way to render children into a different part of the DOM that exists outside the parent component’s hierarchy, while still preserving React’s state and event handling.
Why Portals?
Normally, a React component renders into its parent DOM node. But sometimes, you need UI elements (like modals, tooltips, dropdowns) to appear visually outside their parent container to avoid CSS overflow/positioning issues. That’s where portals help.
Syntax
You create a portal using ReactDOM.createPortal(child, container).
child → React element(s) you want to render.
container → DOM node where it should be mounted.
Example
import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
function Modal({ children }) {
return ReactDOM.createPortal(
<div className="modal">{children}</div>,
document.getElementById("modal-root") // separate div outside main app root
);
}
function App() {
return (
<div>
<h1>Main App</h1>
<Modal>
<p>This is inside a portal!</p>
</Modal>
</div>
);
}
Here, although Modal is declared inside App, it actually renders into the #modal-root node, not inside #app-root.
Key Benefits
Allows elements to break out of parent container boundaries.
Useful for modals, popups, tooltips, side panels, and floating UI.
Events inside a portal still bubble through the React component tree, not the DOM tree, so React’s event system remains consistent.
Summary
Without Portals → Elements are stuck inside parent DOM hierarchy.
With Portals → You can render elements anywhere in the DOM while keeping React’s component logic intact.
👉 In short, React Portals = rendering children outside their parent DOM node, but still within React’s control, making them perfect for UI overlays.
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