What are indexes in MongoDB?

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In MongoDB, an index is a data structure that improves the speed of queries by allowing the database to find documents more efficiently, without scanning every document in a collection.

By default, MongoDB creates an _id index on the _id field of each collection.

How it works:

• Without an index → MongoDB performs a collection scan, checking each document.

• With an index → MongoDB searches the index (like a book’s table of contents), making lookups much faster.

Creating an index:

javascript

db.users.createIndex({ name: 1 }); // 1 for ascending, -1 for descending

Types of Indexes:

1. Single Field Index – On one field.

2. Compound Index – On multiple fields.

3. Text Index – For text search.

4. Hashed Index – For hashed sharding.

Example Query Benefit:
Without index: db.users.find({ name: "John" }) → scans all docs.
With index on name: Query is fast and efficient.

Key Points:

• Indexes use extra storage.

• Too many indexes can slow down inserts/updates.

• Choose indexes based on query patterns.

In short: Indexes in MongoDB act like a shortcut, boosting read performance by avoiding full collection scans.

Read More :

What is the Optional class used for?

What is the difference between find() and findOne()?

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