How do you protect routes in React?

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In React, protecting routes ensures that only authenticated users can access certain pages. This is typically done using React Router along with authentication state management.

Steps to protect routes:

  1. Maintain Auth State – Store the user’s authentication status (from login) in state, context, or a global store like Redux.

  2. Create a PrivateRoute Component – A wrapper that checks if the user is logged in:

    • If authenticated, render the requested component.

    • If not authenticated, redirect to the login page.

  3. Token Verification – Check the presence and validity of a token (e.g., JWT) in cookies or localStorage. Optionally verify it with the backend.

  4. React Router Setup – Use <Route> for public pages and your PrivateRoute for secure ones.

  5. Logout Handling – Clear auth state and redirect to login.

Best Practices:

  • Use HTTP-only cookies for tokens to prevent XSS.

  • Double-check authorization on the backend (frontend checks can be bypassed).

In short, React route protection involves checking authentication state and redirecting unauthenticated users to safe entry points.

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